Domestic Flights in Nigeria: Airlines, Routes & Tips

Flying is often the quickest and most convenient way to travel between major cities in Nigeria. Several domestic airlines operate extensive networks, connecting key economic and political hubs. This guide provides an overview of domestic air travel in Nigeria.

Major Domestic Airlines

Nigeria's domestic aviation market has evolved significantly in recent years, with several carriers establishing themselves as reliable transportation options across the country. Each airline offers different route networks, service standards, and pricing strategies.

Air Peace

Founded in 2013, Air Peace has quickly established itself as Nigeria's largest domestic carrier by fleet size and route network. The airline operates from its primary hub at Murtala Muhammed Airport in Lagos, with a secondary hub at Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport in Abuja.

Air Peace operates a diverse fleet including Boeing 737s, Embraer 145s, and more recently, Embraer 195-E2 aircraft. This modern fleet allows them to serve both major cities and smaller regional destinations efficiently.

Their domestic network covers all major Nigerian cities including Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, Enugu, Owerri, Benin, Kano, Kaduna, Asaba, Akure, Ilorin, Jos, and Calabar. Recent customer satisfaction surveys by the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority have rated their on-time performance as above industry average.

The airline offers a loyalty program called "Peace Advantage" and provides a business class option on most routes, branded as "Peace Premium."

Website: flyairpeace.com

Arik Air

Once Nigeria's flag carrier and largest airline, Arik Air has undergone significant restructuring since 2017 when it came under the management of the Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON). Despite these challenges, Arik maintains an important presence in the domestic market.

Operating primarily from Lagos and Abuja, Arik serves key destinations including Port Harcourt, Kano, Yola, Benin, and Asaba. Their fleet includes Boeing 737-700 and Bombardier CRJ900 aircraft.

The airline has worked to improve operational reliability, though industry reports indicate they still face occasional challenges with schedule consistency. Their "Arik Affinity Wings" frequent flyer program continues to serve loyal customers.

Website: arikair.com

Dana Air

Operating since 2008, Dana Air has built a reputation for affordable service on major trunk routes. Their network centers on Lagos, with flights to Abuja, Port Harcourt, Enugu, and Owerri.

The airline operates a fleet of McDonnell Douglas MD-82/83 aircraft and has recently begun introducing Boeing 737-300 aircraft to modernize their operations. Dana emphasizes their "Dana Miles" loyalty program as a key differentiator in the market.

Website: flydanaair.com

Ibom Air

A relatively new entrant, Ibom Air began operations in 2019 and is owned by Akwa Ibom State. Despite its youth, the airline has quickly established a reputation for punctuality and service quality. According to industry data, they have consistently maintained the highest on-time performance among Nigerian carriers.

Operating a modern fleet of Bombardier CRJ900 aircraft, Ibom Air serves Lagos, Abuja, Enugu, Calabar, Port Harcourt, and its home base of Uyo. Their brand positioning emphasizes reliability and premium service standards.

Website: ibomair.com

Other Significant Carriers

• United Nigeria Airlines: Launched in 2021, focusing on connecting eastern Nigerian cities. Website: flyunitednigeria.com
• Green Africa: A value carrier that began operations in 2021 with a focus on affordable travel. Website: greenafrica.com
• Aero Contractors: One of Nigeria's oldest airlines, operating key domestic routes despite financial restructuring. Website: aero.com.ng
• Max Air: Originally focused on Hajj operations, now expanding in the scheduled domestic market. Website: maxair.com.ng
• Overland Airways: Specializing in connecting smaller cities with turbo-prop aircraft. Website: overlandairways.com

Popular Domestic Routes

Nigeria's domestic air network is structured around several key routes that connect the country's major economic, political, and cultural centers. These high-traffic corridors form the backbone of the country's internal air transportation system.

Lagos-Abuja (LOS-ABV)

This is Nigeria's busiest domestic route, connecting the commercial hub of Lagos with the federal capital. The route sees over 30 daily flights across multiple airlines, with flight times averaging 1 hour and 10 minutes. The frequency means departures are available almost hourly from 6:00 AM to 8:00 PM, with Air Peace, Arik Air, Dana Air, and Ibom Air all competing for market share.

Lagos-Port Harcourt (LOS-PHC)

Connecting Nigeria's commercial center with the heart of the oil-producing Niger Delta region, this route is vital for business travelers in the energy sector. Flight time is approximately 1 hour and 5 minutes, with 15-20 daily flights operated by major carriers. Morning and evening departures are particularly popular with business travelers making day trips.

Abuja-Port Harcourt (ABV-PHC)

Another key route for government officials and oil industry executives, this connection has around 8-10 daily flights with a flight time of approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes. Air Peace, Arik Air, and United Nigeria are the primary operators on this route.

Lagos-Enugu (LOS-ENU)

This route links Lagos with the commercial heart of southeastern Nigeria. The 1-hour flight offers a much faster alternative to the 6-7 hour road journey. With 8-10 daily flights operated primarily by Air Peace, United Nigeria, and Ibom Air, travelers have multiple options throughout the day.

Lagos-Kano (LOS-KAN)

Connecting southern Nigeria with the major commercial center of the north, this route has a flight time of approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes. The route typically sees 5-7 daily flights, operated by Air Peace, Max Air, and Arik Air.

Abuja-Kano (ABV-KAN)

A shorter hop of just 50 minutes connects the federal capital with northern Nigeria's largest city. The route has 4-6 daily flights across multiple carriers, serving both government officials and business travelers.

Lagos-Owerri (LOS-QOW)

This route to the eastern city of Owerri has gained popularity, with 5-6 daily flights operated by Air Peace, Dana Air, and United Nigeria. The flight takes approximately 1 hour.

Other Notable Routes

• Lagos-Calabar (LOS-CBQ): 1 hour 10 minutes, 3-4 daily flights
• Lagos-Benin (LOS-BNI): 45 minutes, 4-5 daily flights
• Lagos-Uyo (LOS-QUO): 1 hour 10 minutes, 3-4 daily flights (primarily Ibom Air)
• Abuja-Enugu (ABV-ENU): 55 minutes, 4-5 daily flights
• Abuja-Benin (ABV-BNI): 1 hour, 2-3 daily flights

Flight frequencies may vary by season and airline scheduling changes. During peak periods like Christmas, Easter, and Eid holidays, airlines often add supplementary flights to meet increased demand.

Booking Domestic Flights

Finding and securing flights within Nigeria has become more streamlined in recent years, though some unique aspects of the local market remain important to understand.

Booking Channels

You have several options for booking domestic flights in Nigeria:

Direct Airline Websites

Booking directly through airline websites is generally the most reliable method and often offers the best pricing. Most Nigerian carriers have invested in improving their online platforms, making the process straightforward. Direct bookings also make it easier to manage changes or disruptions, as you can deal with the airline without intermediaries.

Mobile Apps

Several airlines including Air Peace, Ibom Air, and Green Africa offer mobile applications that can streamline the booking process and provide real-time updates. These are particularly useful for frequent travelers.

Travel Aggregators

Sites like Wakanow, Travelstart, and Konga Travel aggregate flights across multiple airlines, allowing for easy comparison. While convenient for research, these platforms sometimes add booking fees or may not reflect the most current pricing or availability.

Physical Travel Agencies

Traditional travel agencies remain prevalent across Nigeria and can be helpful for more complex itineraries or for travelers less comfortable with online bookings. Agencies often have relationships with airlines that can be advantageous during disruptions.

Payment Options

Nigerian domestic flight bookings can be completed through several payment methods:

• Credit/Debit Cards: All major Nigerian cards are accepted, though some international cards may face challenges due to fraud prevention measures
• Bank Transfers: Many airlines accept direct transfers, which can be completed through mobile banking apps
• USSD Payments: Some carriers offer payment via USSD codes for those without internet access
• Payment Wallets: Services like Paystack, Flutterwave, and Quickteller are increasingly accepted
• Pay-on-Hold: Some airlines offer the option to hold a reservation for 24 hours while arranging payment
• POS Terminals: Available at airline offices and some travel agencies for in-person payments

Finding the Best Deals

Domestic airfares in Nigeria can vary significantly based on several factors. Here are strategies for securing better pricing:

• Book in advance: Prices typically rise as the departure date approaches. Booking 2-4 weeks ahead can yield significant savings
• Consider mid-week travel: Tuesday and Wednesday flights often have lower demand and better pricing
• Sign up for fare alerts: Airlines like Air Peace and Ibom Air send promotional offers to their email subscribers
• Check for promo fares: Occasional sales are announced, especially during off-peak seasons or to celebrate milestones
• Be flexible with timing: Early morning or late evening flights sometimes offer better value
• Compare across airlines: While Air Peace may have the lowest fare on one route, another carrier might be more competitive on a different day
• Consider secondary airports: For example, flying to Asaba instead of Benin, if your final destination is flexible

It's worth noting that Nigerian domestic airfares are subject to various taxes and regulatory charges that can add 15-20% to the base fare. These are usually displayed during the booking process but may not be included in advertised prices.

What to Expect at the Airport (Domestic Travel)

Domestic air travel within Nigeria follows different procedures than international flights. Understanding these differences can help streamline your journey.

Check-in Process

For domestic flights in Nigeria, the check-in process typically includes:

• Check-in windows: Most airlines open check-in counters 2 hours before departure and close them 45 minutes before flight time
• Documentation required: A government-issued photo ID (National ID, driver's license, voter's card, or international passport) is essential. Some airlines also ask to see the credit card used for the booking
• Online check-in: Available 24 hours before departure with most major carriers, allowing you to arrive later at the airport
• Counter arrangements: Airlines typically have dedicated counters at domestic terminals, often with separate lines for premium or web check-in passengers
• Boarding passes: Both printed and mobile boarding passes are generally accepted at Nigerian airports

Security Screening

Security procedures for domestic flights include:

• Initial checkpoint: All passengers must pass a preliminary security check to enter the terminal building
• Main screening: Standard x-ray for carry-on items and walk-through metal detectors
• Physical checks: Hand searches of bags are common, even after x-ray screening
• Liquids policy: Unlike international standards, domestic flights in Nigeria often have more flexible rules about liquids, though it's still advisable to limit them
• Electronics: Laptops and large electronics must be removed from bags for separate screening

Boarding Procedures

Boarding for domestic flights typically follows this pattern:

• Announcements: Gate information is displayed on screens, but listen for verbal announcements as changes often occur
• Boarding sequence: Most airlines prioritize passengers with special needs and those in premium cabins, followed by general boarding
• Walking to aircraft: Many domestic flights in Nigeria require passengers to walk across the tarmac to reach their aircraft, rather than using jet bridges
• ID verification: Expect to show your ID again at the boarding gate
• Seat assignment: While most tickets come with assigned seats, some carriers (especially for smaller aircraft) may have free seating

Baggage Allowances and Restrictions

Domestic flights typically have stricter baggage policies than international ones:

• Carry-on: Usually limited to one piece weighing 6-8kg, with specific dimension restrictions (typically around 55cm x 40cm x 25cm)
• Checked baggage: Economy tickets usually include 15-20kg (varying by airline), with business class allowing 30kg
• Excess baggage: Additional weight is charged at premium rates, often around ₦1,000-₦1,500 per kilogram
• Special items: Most airlines charge extra for sporting equipment, musical instruments, or oversized items
• Prohibited items: Standard aviation restrictions apply, including flammable materials, weapons, and certain electronics in checked baggage

It's important to note that baggage allowances are strictly enforced on Nigerian domestic routes, and excess baggage fees can add significantly to your travel costs.

Tips for Domestic Flying in Nigeria

Navigating Nigeria's domestic air travel system can be straightforward with these practical tips:

Before Your Flight

• Verify flight status: Flight schedules can change with limited notice. Call the airline or check their website/social media before heading to the airport
• Reconfirm your booking: Some airlines appreciate a reconfirmation call 24 hours before departure, especially for flights booked well in advance
• Download airline apps: These often provide real-time updates and digital boarding passes
• Check weather conditions: During harmattan (December-February) or rainy season (May-October), weather-related delays are common
• Arrive early: While domestic check-in requirements are typically 90 minutes before departure, traffic conditions in major cities like Lagos can be unpredictable
• Pack identification: Ensure you have a government-issued photo ID that matches the name on your ticket
• Prepare for security: Avoid carrying items that might trigger additional screening, such as large amounts of electronics or unusual objects

At the Airport

• Use airport porters judiciously: Official porters wear uniforms with ID badges, but agree on the fee before accepting assistance
• Be wary of self-appointed "helpers": Some individuals may offer to expedite your check-in for a fee, but this is rarely necessary
• Check departures board frequently: Gate changes are common and may be announced with limited notice
• Consider lounge access: For longer waits, airport lounges offer more comfortable seating, complimentary refreshments, and more reliable Wi-Fi than the general departure area
• Keep valuables secure: Maintain awareness of your belongings, particularly in crowded areas of the terminal
• Stay hydrated: Airport terminals can be warm; carry an empty water bottle to fill after security

In-Flight Experience

What to expect during your domestic flight in Nigeria:

• Flight duration: Most domestic routes are relatively short (30-90 minutes), limiting in-flight services
• Cabin service: Typically includes a small snack and non-alcoholic beverages, even on shorter flights
• Aircraft types: Depending on the route and airline, expect either narrow-body jets (Boeing 737 variants, Embraer E-jets) or regional aircraft (Bombardier CRJ, Embraer ERJ145)
• Entertainment: Few domestic flights offer in-flight entertainment, so bring your own (pre-downloaded content recommended due to limited in-flight Wi-Fi)
• Seating: Premium cabins are available on most major routes, offering wider seats and enhanced services, though at a significant price premium

Managing Disruptions

Flight delays and cancellations can occur on domestic routes. Here's how to handle them:

• Stay informed: Sign up for airline SMS alerts or download the carrier's app for notifications
• Contact options: Save the customer service numbers for your airline; direct phone contact is often more effective than email during disruptions
• Know your rights: Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) regulations require airlines to provide care during extended delays (over 2 hours) and compensation for cancellations, though enforcement varies
• Alternative arrangements: For critical travel, consider having a backup plan, such as knowledge of other airlines serving your route
• Be assertive but polite: When seeking assistance during disruptions, maintaining a calm, respectful tone with airline staff is more likely to yield positive results

Special Travel Needs

• Traveling with children: Infants under two can typically travel on a parent's lap for a reduced fee (around 10% of the adult fare). Most airlines offer pre-boarding for families
• Passengers requiring assistance: Request wheelchair service or special assistance at least 48 hours before your flight
• Group travel: For groups of 10 or more, contact the airline directly as special rates and handling procedures may apply
• Medical conditions: While medical clearance is generally not required for domestic flights, travelers with serious medical conditions should consult the airline in advance

Domestic Airport Facilities

What to expect at the major domestic terminals in Nigeria:

Lagos Domestic Terminals (MMA1 & MMA2)

Lagos has two main domestic terminals:

• MMA1 (GAT): The older General Aviation Terminal hosts Air Peace, Dana Air, and several smaller carriers
• MMA2: The newer, privately operated terminal serves Ibom Air, United Nigeria, and Arik Air domestic flights

Both terminals offer basic amenities including restaurants, shops, ATMs, and paid Wi-Fi. MMA2 generally provides a more modern experience with better food options and more comfortable waiting areas.

Abuja Domestic Terminal

The domestic terminal at Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport features:

• Several dining options ranging from quick snacks to sit-down meals
• Multiple ATMs and currency exchange services
• Free Wi-Fi (though connection quality varies)
• Two airline lounges accessible with premium tickets or for a fee
• Relatively efficient security screening compared to other domestic airports

Port Harcourt, Kano, and Other Regional Airports

Facilities at smaller domestic airports vary considerably but typically include:

• Basic food and beverage outlets (often a single café or restaurant)
• Limited shopping options, primarily for essentials and souvenirs
• Banking services (usually at least one ATM)
• More limited seating areas compared to Lagos and Abuja

At these regional airports, it's advisable to make minimal assumptions about available services; charging mobile devices before arrival and bringing snacks is recommended.

Conclusion

Nigeria's domestic air travel network offers a crucial transportation solution in a country where road and rail alternatives can involve journeys of many hours or even days. While the industry continues to face challenges including infrastructure limitations and operational constraints, carriers have made significant strides in recent years toward improved reliability and service quality.

For travelers within Nigeria, air transport provides not just convenience but often substantial time savings that can transform a grueling journey into a manageable trip. Understanding the specific nuances of domestic flying in Nigeria—from booking strategies to airline selection and airport procedures—can help ensure a smoother experience.

As Nigeria's aviation sector continues to develop, passengers can expect gradual improvements in areas such as online services, on-time performance, and terminal facilities. For now, approaching domestic air travel with informed expectations, adequate preparation, and a degree of flexibility remains the best strategy for navigating Nigeria's skies.